Charles Diehl (French: [dil]; January 19, 1859 – November 1, 1944) was a French historian born in Strasbourg. He was a leading authority on Byzantine art and history.
He received his education at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, and later taught classes on Byzantine history at the Sorbonne. He was member of the École française de Rome (1881–1883) and the École française d'Athènes. In 1910 he became a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (elected president in 1921).